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According to Plutarch, a seer had warned that harm would come to Caesar on the Ides of March.

As many as 60 conspirators, led by Brutus and Cassius, were involved. Caesar was stabbed to death at a meeting of the Senate. In modern times, the Ides of March is best known as the date on which Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC. Reverse side of the Ides of March Coin (a denarius) issued by Caesar's assassin Brutus in the autumn of 42 BC, with the abbreviation EID MAR ( Eidibus Martiis – 'on the Ides of March') under a ' cap of freedom' between two daggers A three-day period of mourning followed, culminating with celebrating the rebirth of Attis on 25 March, the date of the vernal equinox on the Julian calendar.

The day was formalized as part of the official Roman calendar under Claudius ( d. A college of priests, the dendrophoroi ('tree bearers') annually cut down a tree, hung from it an image of Attis, and carried it to the temple of the Magna Mater with lamentations. A week later, on 22 March, the solemn commemoration of Arbor intrat ('The Tree enters') commemorated the death of Attis under a pine tree. He was discovered by shepherds or the goddess Cybele, who was also known as the Magna Mater ('Great Mother') (narratives differ).

In the later Imperial period, the Ides began a 'holy week' of festivals celebrating Cybele and Attis, being the day Canna intrat ('The Reed enters'), when Attis was born and found among the reeds of a Phrygian river. The ritual may have been a new year festival representing the expulsion of the old year. This observance, which has aspects of scapegoat or ancient Greek pharmakos ritual, involved beating an old man dressed in animal skins and perhaps driving him from the city. One source from late antiquity also places the Mamuralia on the Ides of March. The day was enthusiastically celebrated among the common people with picnics, drinking, and revelry. In addition to the monthly sacrifice, the Ides of March was also the occasion of the Feast of Anna Perenna, a goddess of the year (Latin annus) whose festival originally concluded the ceremonies of the new year. The Flamen Dialis, Jupiter's high priest, led the 'Ides sheep' ( ovis Idulis) in procession along the Via Sacra to the arx, where it was sacrificed. The Ides of each month were sacred to Jupiter, the Romans' supreme deity. Panel thought to depict the Mamuralia, from a mosaic of the months in which March is positioned at the beginning of the year (first half of the 3rd century AD, from El Djem, Tunisia, in Roman Africa)

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In the earliest calendar, the Ides of March would have been the first full moon of the new year. Originally the Ides were supposed to be determined by the full moon, reflecting the lunar origin of the Roman calendar. Instead, they counted back from three fixed points of the month: the Nones (the 5th or 7th, 8 days before the Ides), the Ides (the 13th for most months, but the 15th in March, May, July, and October), and the Kalends (1st of the following month). The Romans did not number each day of a month from the first to the last day.

In 44 BC, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of Julius Caesar, which made the Ides of March a turning point in Roman history. It was marked by several religious observances and was a deadline for settling debts in Rome. The Ides of March ( / aɪ d z/ Latin: Idus Martiae, Late Latin: Idus Martii) is the 74th day in the Roman calendar, corresponding to 15 March. The Death of Julius Caesar (1806) by Vincenzo Camuccini